Replication components with MSSQL
Microsoft SQL Server uses the magazine metaphor of the publication, distribution, articles and subscribers. The magazine publisher produces publications. The publication contains articles. The publisher distributes the magazine directly or through a distributor. The subscribers receive the publications that they have subscribed to.

Replication components relationship
Publication server
The publication server makes the data available to other servers. The publication server can have many publications. After the initial synchronization, whenever the data changes, the publication server will send the transaction log to the distributor server or the subscription servers.
Distribution server
The distribution server is similar to a distributor / wholesaler. The tasks, done by the distribution server, depend on the type of replication has been set. The distribution server can be either a local distributor or a remote distributor.
The local distribution server is configured to be both a publisher and a distributor. The remote distribution server is separate server from the publisher and distributes the replication to the subscribers.
Subscription server
Subscription servers receive the data. The subscribers subscribe to whole publications, they do not subscribe to individual articles within that publication.
A subscription is a request for a copy what has been published. If it has not been published, you cannot subscribe to it. The subscription either pushed by the publication or distribution server (a push subscription) or pulled by the subscription server (a pull subscription).
Articles
An article is a database object that is designated for replication. The article can contain either a whole table, or some columns of the table (vertical filter), or some rows of the table (horizontal filter), or the execution of a stored procedure, or a view.

